苦马豆生物碱成分薄层色谱分析

Alkaloid Content Analysis of Sphaerophysa salsula by Thin-layer Chromatography

为了确证苦马豆(Swainsona salsula)是否含有苦马豆素等生物碱成分,采用生物碱系统提取法、薄层色谱分析、平面色谱图像定量分析软件及柱层析分离等技术,对苦马豆生物碱成分进行分析和分离。结果显示,5kg苦马豆地上部分干草粉经工业酒精回流提取得到总浸膏650.2g,出膏率为13%。取200g醇浸膏分别经酸化和碱化处理,氯仿和正丁醇萃取得到,酸性氯仿、碱性氯仿和碱性正丁醇萃取液,浓缩后分别得到3.01、0.53、23.13g,出膏率分别为1.51%、0.27%和11.57%;薄层色谱分析发现,碱性氯仿和碱性正丁醇萃取部分至少含有5种生物碱成分,且苦马豆生物碱主要集中在碱性正丁醇萃取部分;碱性正丁醇萃取部分经硅胶柱层析分离纯化,并与苦马豆素标准品对照证明其含有苦马豆素。

In order to determine whether Sphaerophysa salsula contains swainsonine and analysis alkaloid, we used alkaloid extraction,thin layer chromatography analysis techniques and software of planar chroma-tography for quantitative image.The results showed that 5 kg Sphaerophysa salsula got 650.2 g total ex-tract by the reflow method of industrial alcohol （the rate is 13%）.We chose 200 g extract and then pro-cessed by acidification,alkalization,chloroform and n-butyl alcohol.We got extract 3.01 g,0.53 g and 23.13 g in the parts of acidity chloroform,basic chloroform and basic n-butyl alcohol （the rate is 1.51%, 0.27% and 11.57%）.By thin layer chromatography analysis,we found that Sphaerophysa salsula con-tained at least 5 kinds of alkaloids in the parts of basic chloroform and basic n-butyl alcohol.Swainsonine was mainly in the part of basic n-butyl alcohol.We used the method of column chromatography on silica gel to isolate and purify this part,after comparing with swainsonine standard sample,our study found this part contained swainsonine.