水包水乳液法制备木薯淀粉微球的研究

Preparation of Cassava Starch Microspheres Using Water-in-water Emulsion Method

【目的】探明淀粉溶液组分含量和制备条件对淀粉微球产率及粒径的影响规律,以及鉴定淀粉微球的基本理化特性。【方法】以可溶性木薯淀粉(SCS)为原料,采用水包水乳液法制备淀粉微球;采用单因素试验,考察淀粉溶液中NaOH与H2O质量比、温育温度和温育时间对木薯淀粉微球(CSM)产率和粒径的影响;采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对CSM进行表征分析;采用MTT细胞检测方法,对CSM的细胞毒性进行评价。【结果】当NaOH与H2O质量比为1.0∶50、温育温度为25℃、温育时间为6h时产率可达(70.7±0.9)%。上述3个因素对CSM的粒径影响均不显著(P>0.05),且NaOH与H2O质量比和温育温度过高时不利于制备分散良好的微球;SCS多为圆形或卵形截切型,CSM较为圆整,基本上均为圆球形;SCS和CSM的红外光谱图基本相同;SCS基本保留了木薯原淀粉的结晶区,CSM属于无定形态物质,无结晶态存在;CSM对人肝细胞的生长没有抑制作用。【结论】提高NaOH与H2O质量比、温育温度和温育时间均有利于提高CSM的产率;SCS和CSM的化学组成基本相同,但在形态和晶体结构上具有明显的区别;所制备的CSM对人肝细胞无毒性,具有良好的生物相容性。

[Objective]The objectives of this study were to confirm the influence of formulation and process parameters on yield and partilcle size of cassava starch microspheres （CSM）, and identify the basic physicochemical properties of CSM. [Methods] CSM were prepared using soluble cassava starch （SCS） as raw material though a water-in-water emulsion method. The effect of NaOH （ m NaOH ：m water ）, incubation temperature and incubation time on yield and particle size of CSM were investigated by single factor experiment. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were employed to characterize the CSM. [Results] It indicated when mNoOH ： m water was 1. 0 ： 50 and incubation temperature was 25℃, a relatively high yield of （70. 7±0. 9）% was achieved at 6h. However, no significant effects of those three factors on particle size of CSM （ P 〉0.05） were detected. Besides, NaOH or incubation temperature was at a high level significantly affected the quality of CSM. Most of the SCS granules were sphere and truncated oval, but CSM were spherical in general. FTIR spectra of SCS and CSM were almost the same. Crystalline region still existed in SCS, but not in CSM, which indicated that CSM were amorphous material. CSM had no inhibiting effect on the growth of human liver ceils. [Conclusion]The yield of CSM increased along with the increase of NaOH concentration, incubation temperature and incubation time. SCS and CSM were very similar on chemical composition, but were obvious different from each other on morphology and crystal structure. CSM were nontoxic to human liver cells, which indicated that CSM were of good biocompatibility.