复合植物蛋白替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长效应的影响

Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Mixed Plant Protein on the Growth Performances of Litopenaeus vannamei

以初重(0.22±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,在室内流水式养殖系统中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验。研究使用复合植物蛋白源(双低菜粕∶大米蛋白粉∶玉米蛋白粉=5∶3∶2)替代凡纳滨对虾实用饲料中的鱼粉(占饲料百分比为22%)对其生长和饲料利用的影响。设计了6组等蛋白质(37.96±0.39)%、等脂肪(7.39±0.57)%的实验饲料,分别是0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%鱼粉蛋白替代组(用D0、D20、D40、D60、D80和D100表示)。结果表明,各组对虾的成活率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与D0组相比,鱼粉蛋白替代水平从20%上升到80%未显著影响凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率;当替代水平上升到100%时,特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05)。同样,各替代蛋白组中只有D100组的饲料系数高于D0组。各替代蛋白组的蛋白质效率均与D0组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。凡纳滨对虾的体组成在各处理间没有明显的变化规律。由此可见,在本实验条件下,利用该复合植物蛋白源可以最高替代80%的饲料鱼粉蛋白,而不显著影响凡纳滨对虾的生长、成活和饲料效率。

The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth, survival and body compositon of Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） in response to the replacement of fish meal with mixed plant protein （MPP）. The MPP included canola meal, rice protein concentrate and corn gluten meal with a ratio of 5 ： 3 ： 2. Six isonitrogenous and isolipdic experimental diets were formulated by repalcing 0 （control）, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% fish meal with MPP on a protein basis of （37.96±0.39）% and lipids of （7. 39±0. 57）%. Shrimp with initial weight of （0. 22±0.01）g were fed these experimental diets for 8 weeks in an indoor flow-through water system. Results showed that no significant difference in survival rate was found among groups （P〉0.05）. Compared to the control, replacement of fish meal with MPP from 20% to 80% did not significantly influenced the specific growth rate （SGR） of shrimp. However, when the replacement increased to 100%, the SGR was significantly lower than that of control （P〈0.05）. Although no significant difference was found among all treatments, only 100% replacement of fish meal with MPP had higher feed conversion ratio than control. There were no significant differences in protein efficiency rate among all treatments （P〉0.05）. No obvious changing trend of shrimp body composition was found with the increase of replacement level. It was suggested that under the present experimental conditon, the highest level of replacement of fish meal with MPP could be 80% without significant negative effect on the growth, survival and feed utilization.