论刑事诉讼中的“排除合理怀疑”

“Beyond Reasonable Doubt” in Criminal Procedure

"排除合理怀疑"是英美法系在刑事诉讼中采用的证明标准。它从确立之日起,就是否对其内涵进行界定存在着较大争议。我国新修改的刑事诉讼法首次将"排除合理怀疑"纳入到证明标准当中,顺应了实践需要,体现了立法进步。但该标准存在着将"排除合理怀疑"与"结论唯一"、"排除一切怀疑"相混淆,"排除合理怀疑"的内涵不够清晰,证明标准粗放等问题。因此,应从"合理的人"、"合理的证据"、"合理的判断"、"合理的结论"等方面对"排除合理怀疑"的内涵重新解读。在此基础上,要切实提高死刑案件的证明标准,设置出体现阶段性和层次性的证明标准,以及针对不同主体、证明对象适用不同的证明标准。

＂Beyond reasonable doubt＂ is the standard of proof in criminal procedure in Anglo American law system. From the date of its establishment, there is a big debate on which its connotation is defined or not. The new criminal procedure law of China revises the ＂beyond reasonable doubt＂ into the standard of proof, conforms to the need of practice, reflects the legislative progress. But there are problems about confusion between the standard of ＂beyond reasonable doubt＂ and ＂only conclusion＂, ＂beyond any doubt＂, ＂beyond reasonable doubt＂, the extensive standard of proof. Therefore, from ＂reasonable person＂, no clear connotation of＂ reasonable evidence＂, ＂reasonable judgment＂, the connotation of ＂beyond reasonable doubt＂ should be interpre- ted. On this basis, to improve the standard of proof of death penalty cases, the standard of proof which reflects the stage and level should be set, and according to the different subject, the object of proof is suitable to different identification standard.