论《古诗十九首》中的异文与模件化套语

Analysis of the Variants and Modular Formulae of the Nineteen Ancient Poems

诗歌通常被认为是高度表达作者个性与内心世界的一种艺术形式,尤其在中国古代的文学评论传统中,"知人论世"成为基本的评判准则。与之类似的,"赋诗以观志",即通过诗反观或推测作者的情感、品格与境遇,也反映了远离当时创作环境之人试图接近诗歌"初始"面貌的努力。然而,诗与人之间联系的相关度与可靠性并未得到深入的考量。在以《古诗十九首》为代表的一系列先唐古诗(包括乐府)中,一方面,为数众多的异文将使后世"一字千金"的评价显得暧昧可疑;另一方面,频繁且几乎以固定模式出现的某些套语迫使读者不得不重新思考从文本回溯到创作者或时代背景的努力能否达到。因此,"诗可以观"的古老理论面临着双重考验。

Poems are always thought by readers that ner world. Especially in the history of Chinese classical they can fully express the writer＇ s characteristics and inliterary criticism, ＂Understanding human beings and re- flecting on society＂ is an important category. Also, ＂Finding poet＇ s mind through the poems＂ became a way by which those who live in the era far away from writers tried to approach the original circumstances. However, the connections between the writers and the texts have never been considered carefully. The Nineteen Ancient Poems and other pre -Tang Dynasty poems have so many variants and formulae that researchers are forced to reconsider the ancient theory of poems ＂poetry can be watched＂