瑞利信标非等晕性误差测量试验研究

Experiment research on anisoplanatism errors measurement of Rayleigh beacon

人造信标为自适应光学大气湍流校正提供信标光源，在天文望远镜、激光传输领域可发挥重要作用，但也存在着一些无法克服的局限性，非等晕性误差就是其一。世界各国对非等晕性误差开展了大量的理论研究工作，但鲜有实际测量试验的公开报道。提出了非等晕性误差的测量方法，详细介绍了自主研发的人造信标非等晕性误差测量系统，采用两路高灵敏度EMCCD构成哈特曼波前传感器同时测量瑞利信标回光波前与自然星回光波前，分别开展了8—18km高度瑞利信标聚焦非等晕性误差测量试验、12km信标高度0～100μrad偏角瑞利信标非等晕性误差测量试验，并获取了较为准确的测试结果。

Synthetic beacon technique provides beacon signal for adaptive optical system, which is used to correct the wavefront aberration caused by atmospheric turbulence successfully in astronomical observation and laser transmission. However, anisoplanatic errors is one of some insuperable difficulties. Many academic research works were studied but there were few reports for experiment measurement all over the world. In this paper, the measurement method of anisoplanatic errors was proposed, and the high precision measurement system was independently designed, which concluded two Hartmann wavefront sensors using high sensitive EMCCD detectors to get the wavefront of Rayleigh beacon and the natural star simultaneity. Two basic experiments were finished, one was focal anisoplanatism errors measurement experiment at the altitude from 8 to 18 km of Rayleigh beacon, another measurement experiment is at the Rayleigh altitude of 12 km with the angle varying from 0 to 100 purad between the synthetic beacon and the natural star. The exact and reasonable measurement result is gained.