学分银行的收益分析与估计

Benefit Analysis and Estimation for Academic Credit Banks

本文系统分析了学分银行能够给个人、机构、行业以及整个社会可能带来的收益,得出结论:(1)得益于学分银行的支持,学习者的流动性、学习便利性、主动性、学习灵活度与学习效率将大大提高,学习者的学习门槛、辍学概率、学习浪费和教育不匹配现象将降低到一个最小的程度,学习者的私人教育成本将减少、教育私人收益将得到明显的提升。(2)在学分银行体系下,学习者规模的增加将提升办学机构的规模经济与范围经济;与此同时,办学机构之间不但会加强竞争还同样会加强合作,这样社会整体的教育质量会提高到新的水平,也会构建起覆盖全社会的教育网络。(3)学分银行的实施将使得行业和企业的人力资源管理成本降低,人力资源管理的效率提升。(4)学分银行将能够有效推动社会增加人力资本供给、促进教育公平,将促进学习型社会的建设,提升国家创新能力,使教育的社会收益率达到一个新的水平。因此,学分银行的利益相关方应该重视学分银行这一新兴体系的建设,尤其是政府在学分银行建设的初期,需要对此加大投入;相关政府部门需要做好国家层面的顶层设计,并着手在合适的地区与领域展开试点、推动实施。

This article analyzes the potential benefits that academic credit banks may bring to individuals, institutions, industries and the whole society. Conclusions reached are as follows. First, academic credit banks can greatly enhance learner mobility and agency, learning accessibility, flexibility and effectiveness;they can minimize entry requirements, dropout rate, useless learning, and educational mismatch. In short,private cost will be reduced while private returns will be increased. Second, with the credit bank system in place, increase in student numbers will lead to improvement of educational institutions' economies both of scale and scope. Meanwhile, there will be an increase in both competition and cooperation between institutions, hence improving the overall educational quality and enabling the educational network to cater for the whole society. Third, academic credit banks will be able to lower the cost of human resources management for enterprises and enhance human resources management efficiency. Fourth, academic credit banks will be able to contribute to human capital provision, education equity, development of a learning society, national innovation capabilities and social returns to education. It is suggested that stakeholders should pay sufficient attention to the establishment of the credit bank system, in particular in terms of government investment at the initial stage. Government departments need to design an overall system and pilot studies to be implemented.