人类的亲社会行为及其演化

Human Prosocial Behavior and its Evolution

对弱者表示同情、对不公正的事情表示愤慨,是人类显著的行为特征,行为经济学把这种行为称作"亲社会行为"。但从进化论角度看,这些带有利他主义性质的行为为什么能够存在,却是一个有待解释的难题。通过计算机仿真,我们模拟了狩猎-采集社会原始人类合作劳动的随机演化过程。仿真结果显示,以同情心和正义感为主要表征的人类亲社会行为与合作行为可以实现共生演化。我们的研究表明,只有依靠"惩恶扬善"的双重机制,人类才能建立起稳定的合作秩序。在现代社会,这种机制就表现为道德规范与法律制度在维系社会秩序过程中不可缺一的重要作用。

Sympathy for the weak, and expressed indignation at the unjust things, is the significant tendency of the human behavior. Behavioral economics call it prosocial behavior. However, from an evolutionary perspective, why these altruism behaviors can exist, is actually one difficult problem that waits for explaining. A computer simulation was conducted, we have reappeared the hunting - gathering society primitive humanity＇s cooperative labor. We found that sympathy, sense of justice and cooperation behavior may realize the co - evolution. Our research shows that, rely on dual mechanism of the ＂punishing evil and rewarding virtue＂, human beings in order to establish a stable cooperative order. In modem times, this mechanism showed moral and legal musts in an important role in maintaining social order process.