附加值贸易:基于中国的实证分析

Trade in Value Added:Evidence from China

结合对现有文献的拓展和应用,本文给出了一个理解中国附加值贸易发展的框架。在此基础上,本文运用OECD/WTO的TiVA数据库进行实证研究,结果表明,在中国的出口中,本地附加值所占比重从1995年的88%降至2005年的64%。此后,这一比重缓慢回升,至2009年达到67%。从产业角度所作的分解显示,出口本地附加值比重走低(回升),主要是产业内本地附加值比重下降(提高)造成的,而出口行业构成的变化则是第二位的因素。从国际比较来看,行业内出口本地附加值比重偏低是中国整个出口本地附加值比重低于美国、德国和日本的主要因素,而出口行业构成偏重于本地附加值比重低的制造业则是中国整个出口本地附加值比重低于印度的主要因素。另外,直接附加值比重偏低,也即出口行业自身创造附加值的能力有限,是中国出口本地附加值比重总体水平较低的一个重要原因。

By applying and extending existing literature, this article proposes a framework to understand the development of China＇s trade in value added. Then we use data provided by OECD/WTO to conduct empirical studies. The results indicate that, the ratio of domestic value added in China＇s export declined from 88% in 1995 to 64% in 2005. Afterwards, this ratio began to increase, and till the year of 2009, it arrived at 67%. Our decomposition shows that, the decrease of domestic value added within industries is the main reason why domestic value added in export declined. Cross country comparison points out that, low domestic value added within industries is the principal reason why domestic value added of export in China is less than those in U. S. , Germany and Japan. The concentration of export in manufacturing sector is the leading reason why domestic value added of export in China is less than that in India. In addition, low direct domestic value added, or export industries＇ low capacity in creating direct value added, is an important contributor of the low domestic value added of China＇s export.