城乡收入差距、劳动力质量与中国经济增长

Urban-Rural Income Disparity,Labor Quality and Economic Growth in China

本文从劳动力供给视角出发,将二元经济结构特征引入跨期模型来揭示城乡收入差距通过劳动力质量影响经济增长的内在机理,并运用中国1995—2012年间的省级面板数据,采用三阶段最小二乘法对城乡收入差距、劳动力质量与经济增长的关系进行经验检验。研究结果表明,城乡收入差距过大会导致初始财富水平较低的农村居民无法进行人力资本投资,从而制约劳动力质量的提高。由于现代部门与传统部门具有不同的生产效率,较低质量的劳动力只能在传统部门从事生产,这不仅不利于传统部门自身生产效率的提升,而且也减少了进入现代部门从事生产的劳动力数量,城乡收入差距通过劳动力质量影响了中国的长期经济增长。

As demographic dividend disappeared gradually, improving labor quality will have a significant impact on economic growth. Based on the OLG model, this paper builds a theoretical model of developing country to explain the interacted relationship among urban-rural income disparity, labor quality and economic growth. By empirically analyzing Chinese provincial panel data from 1995 to 2012, we find the estimation result of our model is well consistent with the conclusions from theoretical study： urban-rural income disparity has significantly negative relationships with the economic growth.