马克思对经济思想学派的评论和分析及其意义

Marx's comments and analysis on the school of economic thoughts and the implications

对经济思想学派或流派的分析,是马克思经济思想史观的重要内容。1845年对李斯特经济学的评论,是马克思对经济思想学派独立研究的开端。1847年的《哲学的贫困》对经济思想流派研究的基本问题和根本原则以及当时"宿命论学派"、"人道学派"和"无产阶级的理论家"等"各种学派"作了分析。《1857—1858年经济学手稿》在对巴师夏和凯里经济思想的比较分析中,对李嘉图和西斯蒙第之后经济思想分野的四种倾向和作为"例外"的庸俗经济学流派的基本特征作了阐述,对经济思想流派分野的"起源型"因素作了分析。《1861—1863年经济学手稿》按照剩余价值思想的历史发展,对经济思想的各种流派的基本脉络和嬗变作了系统分析。在《资本论》第一卷中,马克思对经济思想"起源型"中历史规定性和社会规定性作了阐述,对古典经济学向庸俗经济学转化的必然性、过程及特征作了分析。把握和理解马克思对经济思想流派的分析,利于经济思想史研究的发展和创新。

The analysis on the school or sects of economic thoughts is an important content of the historical concept of Marxist economic thoughts. The comments on Liszt Economics in 1845 were the start of Marxist independent study on the school of eco- nomic thoughts. The Poverty of Philosophy in 1847 makes analysis on the basic problems and fundamental principles of the re- searches on the schools of economic thoughts as well as＂all kinds of schools＂, such as＂the school of fatalism＂, ＂the school of humanism＂ and ＂the theorists of proletariat＂. In the comparative analysis on the economic thoughts of Bastiat and Carey in Eco- nomics Manuscript from 1857 to 1858, it elaborates four types of tendency of the division of economic thoughts after Ricardo and Sismondi as well as the basic features of the school of vulgar economics, and its also analyzes the factor of ＂origin＂ of such division. According to the historical development of the thoughts of surplus value, the Manuscript conducts systematic analysis on the basic context and changes in various types of schools of economic thoughts. In the first volume of Das Capital, Marx elaborates historical prescriptive and social prescriptive in the ＂origin＂ of economic thoughts, and he also makes analysis on the inevitability, process and features of the transition from classical economies into vulgar economics. Grasping and understanding Marx＇ s analysis on the school of economic thoughts benefits the development and innovation of the researches on the history of economic thoughts.