国家认同:全球化视野下的结构性分析

National Identity:A Structural Analysis from the Perspective of Globalization

在"流动的现代性"的时代背景下,中国发展面临全球化的外力推动及社会内在转型的双向互动。在这一双重时空坐标中,对国家认同的考察不能醉心于国家认同的变迁与再建构的宏观研究层面,停留在公民认同、民族认同、政治认同等领域中具体形态的微观研究层面,而要加强沟通宏观与微观的中观层次学术考察。在梳理国家认同的概念基础上,"怎样获得国家认同"的问题自然被置换为"国家认同何以可能"的问题。消解个人层面的本体性焦虑,使其回归本体性安全及实现国家层面的国家向心力的生产和再生产,彰显国家认同的功能性力量。无论是基于理论逻辑阐述还是事实经验考察,国家认同都不能独立地发挥稳定且持久的作用,而是需要经济激励系统、政治价值系统与制度组织系统三方面的基础性结构支撑,这三个领域的功能匹配是国家认同得以可能的有效路径。

Against the background of an era of 'liquid modernity,' Chinese development faces the two-way interaction of external globalization and internal transition. Within this pair of space-time coordinates, the study of national identity should not lose itself in macro-level research on the transition and reconstruction of national identity or be detained by microlevel research on specific forms of national identity such as citizen identity, the identity of a people and political identity; rather, research should be undertaken at the mesolevel linking the macro-and the micro-levels. On the basis of teasing out the concept of the national identity, the issue of ' How are we to gain national identity? ' will naturally be displaced by ' What makes national identity possible?' Ontological anxiety should be dispelled to return to ontological security and realize the production and reproduction of centripetal national forces at the national level, so as to highlight the functional power of national identity. Whether it is based on demonstrations of theoretical logic or factual empirical examination, national identity cannot function independently to bring about stability or sustainability; it needs the basic structural support of systems of economic incentives,political values and institutional organization. The functional coordination of these three areas is the effective route to realizing national identity.