当代哲学如何面对认知科学的意识难题

How Contemporary Philosophy Confronts the Problem of Consciousness in Cognitive Science

在认知科学的发展历程中,哲学始终对其研究纲领的建立和修正起着不可或缺的奠基、审查和批判作用,推进了第一代和第二代认知科学的发展。同时,认知科学的经验研究不断引起心智哲学和认知科学哲学广泛而深刻的争论,不仅催生了物理主义和新二元论的多种哲学形态,自然主义哲学、自然化现象学、神经伦理学、实验哲学等方向也应运而生,对传统哲学研究的基本概念框架、研究的问题域和研究方法都造成了巨大的冲击,当代哲学在解决"意识难题"和"解释鸿沟"问题上的各类复杂的冲突形态,彰显了认知科学对哲学构成的重大挑战。

In the course of the development of cognitive science, philosophy has played an indispensable role in laying a foundation for the establishment and revision of the cognitive science research program and in scrutinizing and criticizing it. In this way it has advanced the progress of the first and second generations of cognitive science. At the same time, empirical research in cognitive science has given rise to extensive and profound debates between philosophy of mind and cognitive science, debates that have spawned not only a number of new philosophical forms, including physicalism and neo-dualism, but also such directions as naturalist philosophy, naturalized phenomenology, neuroethics and experimental philosophy. It has had a significant impact on the discipline's basic conceptual structure, problem domain and research methods. The many complex conflicts encountered by contemporary philosophy in solving 'the problem of consciousness' and the 'explanatory gap' highlight the great challenge cognitive science presents to philosophical formation.