民国时期北京内城土地庙与地权的关系研究

On the Relationship between the Earth God Temples in the Inner City of Peking and the Power of the Land in the Period of the Republic of China

我国民国时期城乡土地庙仍到处可见,但以往较少从民俗学视角研究该时期的城市土地庙,更很少有人研究城市土地庙与地权的关系,然而,民国时期北京内城土地庙是值得拓展研究的一个个案。这项研究可从三方面进行,即民国时期政府监督管理下的北京内城土地庙土地和寺庙空间的管理分配、土地庙与城市土地利用的关系、政府与市民合作利用土地庙的方式等。近半个世纪城市土地庙大都被拆除,因此利用田野作业方法开展民俗学与社会学的交叉研究,是十分必要的。

In the period of the Republic of China, earth god temples could be easily found in urban and rural areas. However, researches from the perspective of folkloristic are hardly ever focused by scholars, especially the relationship between city earth god temples and the land property right. So the case of earth god temples in the inner city of Peking is worth studying. The research tends to analyze from three prospects ： the management and distribution of earth god temples and space of temples of inner Peking city, uti- lization and operation of land and temple space in the earth god temple in inner city of Peking under the su- pervision and management of government at that time; the relationship between the temples and use of the city land; the way of cooperative use of the earth god temples with the government and the citizens. In the past half century, most of the earth god temples in the city were dismantled, this entails the crossover study through field work method and under the perspective of both folkloristic and sociology, which is of great significance.