非智力因素与教育改革

Non-intelligence Factors and Education Reform

"非智力因素"是20世纪80年代初期提出的一个概念。在此之前,我国心理学与汉语系统中都是没有的;西方心理学与英语系统中,也一直没有这个词。凡是智力因素以外的一切心理因素,都属于非智力因素范畴。但一般所强调的是动机、兴趣、感情、意志与性格五种。积极性是非智力因素所固有的特点,并表现出动力、定向、引导、维持、调控与强化六大作用。与智力因素一起,构成一种新的学习理论,即智力(I)与非智力因素(N)结合论,简称为IN结合论。这一理论由一个目的、一条假设与一个公式所组成,有别于西方的联结派、认知派与人本派三大学习理论派别。

＂Non-intellectual factors＂ is a concept, which was first proposed in the early 1980s. It had not existed till the time, not only in Chinese psychology but also in Chinese language system, which is just the same case in Western countries. The non-intellectual factors include all of the mental factors except intellectual factors. In general, it refers to five items= motivation, interest, emotion, willingness and personality. With an initiative nature, the non-intellectual factors have six major functions, namely motivating, orientating, guiding, maintaining, regulating and strengtheixing. Together with intellectual factors, they make up a new kind of learning theory, which is called ＂intelligence （I） and non-intellectual factors （N） combining theory＂, or IN combining theory for short. The theory consists of one purpose, one hypothesis and one formula, which is different from the three main learning theories： connectionism, cognitivism and humanism.