住房分配与保障:一个民生议题

Housing Distribution and Insurance:An Issue of People's Well-Being

计划经济时代的城市住房分配采取反市场的再分配模式,单位间与单位内的等级秩序是住房分配的表征。转型经济时期的住房分配则采取以市场为导向的分配模式,住房市场是一种混合市场,由官僚结构、单位因素、家庭结构及早期房改制度等共同左右。在这种情况下,市场与再分配存在相互强化,结果导致"强市场强制度"的过度保障、"超强制度"的错位保障及"弱制度弱市场"的缺位保障,这些问题应是未来制定住房政策的关注焦点。

Housing distribution in planned economy belongs to the model of redistribution against market, and the rank order which happened between or in unit can account for housing inequality. Hous- ing allocation in transitional economy is to take a market-oriented model of distribution. Housing market is a hybrid market, which is affected by bureaucratic structure, unit factors, family structure, and the early system of housing reform. In this case, market and redistribution reinforces mutually, which makes excessive safeguard of ＂strong market strong system＂ and dislocation safeguard of ＂super system＂, as well as absence security of ＂weak system weak market＂, which becomes the focus of nation- al housing policy in the future.