农业技术进步对农民收入的影响机制研究

A Study on the Impact Mechanism about Progress of Agricultural Technology to Farmers' Income

农业技术进步对农民收入的影响存在四种机制:提高劳动生产率、通过产品优质化、促使品种多样化、促进劳动力转移。不同机制产生的影响不同,农业技术进步对农民收入的最终影响取决于四种机制的综合效应。笔者运用联立方程进行了实证研究,结果表明,农业技术进步通过提高生产率对农民收入产生负向影响,农业科技贡献率提高1个百分点,农民收入减少0.6116%;农业技术进步通过产品优化、品种多样化和劳动力转移对农民收入均产生正向影响,农业科技贡献率提高1个百分点,农民收入分别增加1.1584%、0.2724%和0.4752%。农业技术进步对农民收入影响的总效应为正,农业技术进步贡献率提高1个百分点,农民收入增加1.2947%。比较不同机制的收入效应,说明运用农业技术进步成果,发展优质高效农业,实施农业品牌战略,是增加农民收入的最主要途径。

This paper researches into the four mechanisms that the agricultural technology progress impacts the farmers＇ income ： to increase labor productivity, to improve the products ＇ quality, to prompt the diversification, and to promote the labor transfer. The effects vary according to the mechanisms. The final influence depends on comprehensive effects of four mechanisms. This paper studies the effect by the method of simultaneous equations, and the result indicates that the Agricultural Technology Progress has negative effects on farmers＇ income by increasing the labor productivity, which the Agricultural Technology Progress Contribution Rate increases 1%, the farmers＇ income decreases 0. 6116% ; whereas it has positive effects on farmers＇ income by improving the products quality, prompting the diversification and promoting the labor transfer, which the effects are 1. 1584% ,0.2724% and 0.4752%. The final influence of four mechanisms is positive, which is 1. 2947%. Comparing the effects of different mechanisms, it illustrates that it is the most important way to increase the farmers＇ income by developing the high quality and efficient agriculture, by implementing agricultural brand of agricultural products constantly.