中加儿童青少年对家庭纪律教育方式的道德判断——基于跨文化研究的道德反思

On the Moral Judgment of Children and Adolescents about Parental Discipline Practices in China and Canada——Moral Reflection Based on Cross-cultural Research

采用中国和加拿大学者合作编制的问卷，以288名中国与加拿大儿童青少年（7～14岁）为被试，考察他们对父母在家庭教育中使用的纪律教育方式所做的判断和推理，结果发现，中国和加拿大儿童青少年普遍对爱的撤回给予较低评价，而对教育诱导的纪律教育则有较高认可度。随着年龄的增长，被试对羞辱和爱的撤回的家庭教育方式的评价会更低，认为这是一种“心理控制”，对儿童的自我价值感和幸福感有不利影响。在对羞辱方式的评价中，只有10～11岁年龄组对社会比较羞辱的评价高于连带羞辱。对父母纪律教育方式的评价和对心理伤害的知觉有一定文化差异。两国儿童青少年对家庭纪律教育方式的道德判断与推理共性大于差异。

With the questionnaire cooperatively made by the Chinese and Canadian scholars, the judgment and reasoning about the parental discipline practices in their families have been surveyed among 288 children and adolescents （7-14 years old） from China and Canada. The results showed that children from China and Canada made a generally lower evaluation to the love withdrawal and preferred discipline based on induction. With their increase of age, parental discipline based on shaming or love withdrawal was increasingly negatively evaluated and perceived as a form of ＂psychological control＂, which could have negative effects on children＇s feelings of self-worth and well-being. As for the evaluation of shaming, onlythe 10~11 age group had higher evaluation on the social comparison shaming than the linked shaming. There are some cultural variations in evaluations on the parental discipline education methods and the perceptions of psychological harm. Furthermore, there are more commonalities than differences in moral judgment and reasoning between the two countries.