第12届全运会女子铁饼运动员最后用力技术的三维运动学研究

Three-dimensional Kinematics Analysis of Final Exertion Technique of Female Discus Throwers in 12th National Games

运用文献资料调研、图像解析和数理统计等研究方法对第12届全运会田径比赛女子铁饼决赛前8名运动员的掷铁饼最后用力技术进行解析研究。结果表明:前4名运动员在掷铁饼过程中的双腿支撑阶段用时较少,能够形成"运动链"用力、加速和较快的鞭打动作速度;第12届全运会女子铁饼运动员的身体重心速度在单腿支撑阶段下降幅度较大,在双腿支撑阶段下降幅度较小,铁饼质心速度在单腿支撑阶段下降幅度较小,在双腿支撑阶段急剧增加;第12届全运会女子铁饼运动员的出手速度与其最终成绩呈正线性关系,铁饼出手速度与最后用力过程的运行轨迹和运动员技术动作之间有着密切的相互关系。

This paper used literature review, image analysis and mathematical statistics and other methods to ana- lyze the final exertion technique of the top 8 female discus throwers in 12th National Games. Results： The top 4 discus throwers spent less time on support phase on double legs during discus throw, and their final exertion tech- nique formed a ＂kinematic chain＂ with high speed. The center of body weight of female discus throwers was much lower in single leg support phase than in double legs support phase. The discus velocity decreased in single leg support phase while it increased sharply in double legs support phase. There was a positively linear relation between final exertion velocity and performance in female discus throwers in 12th National Games. Also the final exertion speed and the trail of final exertion were closely related to throwers＇ technique.