《正字通》歌戈韵混并和明清江淮官话

Merging of the ge(歌) rhyme with the ge(戈) rhyme in Zhengzitong(正字通)

中古果摄歌韵与戈韵合流是现代长江流域汉语方言的主要特点之一。本文中我们再次考察《正字通》歌韵与戈韵合并的情况,对比《洪武正韵》、《字汇》,指出《正字通》歌韵戈韵已然合流。考察明清时期其他几种韵书、韵图,认定该音变在16世纪吴语已然完成,至迟在17世纪江淮官话文献也有记录,而音变的蛛丝马迹在《洪武正韵》中已有显示。对该音变的研究将有助于明代江淮官话等的研究。

The sound change that the ge(歌) rhyme merged into the ge(戈) rhyme is shared among the southern Mandarin and northern Wu dialects.This paper finds that the change had been completed in Zhengzitong(正字通),a dictionary of 17^(th) century.By comparing Zhengzitong with Hongwuzhengyu(洪武正韵).Zihui(字汇),Shengyunhuitong(声韵会通) and some other rhyme books,it is proposed that the sound change probably first took place in the Wu dialects in 16 century and then spread to southern Mandarin along the Yangtze River.