汉语普通话上声的听感范畴

The perceptional category of tone3 in Standard Mandarin

本文采用"对角测试法"考察汉语普通话上声调在两字组中的听感范畴。通过辨认实验和区分实验,得到上声-阴平、上声-阳平、上声-去声的边界位置、峰值位置、区分峰值等参数,得到上声调位的听感空间。结果表明,无论"调型区分",还是"调阶区分",上声调位均表现为动态的听感边界。目标字位置、参照字调类、声调间的协同发音、降阶等语言学因素都会影响上声的边界位置发生变化。通过上声的听觉范畴和声学表现之间相互对照,发现二者具有较好的对应关系。

Adopting the method of Diagonal Test,the authors conducted a systematic investigation on the perceptional category of tone3 in disyllabic word of Standard Mandarin.By both identification test and discrimination test,the following parameters are obtained:boundary position,peak position,discrimination peak of tone3 vs.tonel,tone3 vs.tone2,tone3 vs.tone4,and the whole perceptional space of tone3.The results suggest that tone3 represents the dynamic perceptional category on both the contour difference and the register difference when compared with other tones.Many linguistic factors,such as the positions of target stimuli,the tones of reference word,and the coarticulation of the tones,all play important roles in the boundary position of tone3.By comparison,it is also found that there is a good corresponding relation between the perceptional space and acoustic space of tone3.