论竞技跳水动作的“美感阈值”

Study on Aesthetic Threshold of Competitive Diving

采用文献资料法、哲学方法和历史学等方法并结合哲学、美学与心理学的相关理论,探讨竞技跳水动作的"美感阈值"。1)诠释了"美感是衡量竞技跳水技术完善程度的标准":美的追求与"形式美"的组合规律;规范性是形式完美的发展趋势;艺术性是技术完善的标志。2)提出了跳水动作的"美感阈值",即表现力所属的象征符号,内容与形式结合的紧密程度,竞技技术动作的创新想象力,技术风格的关键特征以及审美评价的主观倾向等。表明,竞技跳水形式美是人在竞技比赛中中活生生的艺术展示,其意蕴和魅力非其它艺术品可比,它常常借助于运动所产生的力量、速度、稳定、节奏、造型还包括技术环节和身体姿态等等因素来表现其独有的美学特征,这些美学特征的"综合表现性"决定了"美感阈值"感受的强弱。对于竞技跳水运动的审美以及美感裁定有着重要的实践意义和理论价值。

This article explored ＂aesthetic threshold＂ of competitive diving by using methods of documents, philosophy, history and combined related theories of philosophy, aesthetics and psychology. Firstly, this article explained that aesthetic is the standard to measure the level of competitive diving techniques which included combination law of aesthetic quality and ＂formal beauty＂, trend of formal perfection standard, and symbol of technicalperfection. Secondly, this article put forward ＂aesthetic threshold＂ of diving which is a symbol of expression, thecombination level between content and form, creative imagination of competitive sport technique, key feature oftechnique style and subjective preference of aesthetic evaluation. It shows that competitive diving aesthetic is a living art presentation in athletics competitions. Its implication and glamour cannot be caught by other works ofart. The unique aesthetic features are often expressed by power, speed, stability, tempo, molding, technical aspects, body posture and other factors. The strength level of ＂aesthetic threshold＂ is led by ＂overall performance＂of these aesthetic features. ＂Aesthetic threshold＂ has important practical and theoretical value to make competitivediving aesthetic appreciation and decision.