中国竞技健美操优势转移现象与优势保持的影响因素

China Competitive Aerobics Advantage Change and Influence Factors of Advantage Preservation

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法以历届世界竞技健美操锦标赛(1995—2012)竞赛成绩的统计分析为切入点,在世界竞技健美操竞争格局中对中国竞技健美操优势转移现象进行纵向剖析。中国竞技健美操优势转移现象:从整体优势来看6人操、3人操呈明显上升趋势,男单、混双呈微弱上升趋势,女单呈下降趋势;6人操、3人操项目具有较强的夺冠优势,混双、男单开始崛起;优势的获得是从单项优势突破、扩展开来的,且潜伏期较长;曾经占据过优势的项目,重新获得优势的时间段较短;优势的展现主要集中在集体项目和男性运动员上。另外,根据中国健美操运动发展背景及自身特点提出优势保持的影响因素,包括民族文化传播、后备人才培养、国际组织地位、裁判权威度等方面,为制定促进中国健美操长盛不衰的可行性策略提供理论参考。

This paper took statistic analysis on competition scores of World Aerobic Championship from 1995 to2012 as a key to analyze China competitive aerobics advantage change in world competition situation by the methods of literature review, expert interview and statistic analysis. On the whole advantage, the six and the trio operated a clear upward trend, men＇ s singles and mixed doubles have a weak upward trend, and women＇ s singles going on a downward trend. The six and the trio projects have a special advantage to win the championship, andmixed doubles and men＇ s singles begin to grow up. The advantage obtained is come from a breakthrough in singleproject and then extended in a long incubation. The advantage once occupied regained in a shorter time period. Theadvantage is mainly in group project and male athletes. In addition, this study pointed out advantage preservationfactors based on China competitive aerobics developing background and traits. The factors include ethnic culturaltransmission, reserved talents cultivation, international organization status, referee authority. This paper also provides a theoretical reference to set a feasible strategy for China competitive aerobics.