补上“政治异化”的缺环——马克思早期异化思想发展逻辑研究

Making up the Missing Link of “Political Alienation”Logic Study of Marx's Early Thought of Alienation

马克思在《黑格尔法哲学批判》一书中把个人的社会活动看作家庭、市民社会和国家共同的基础,三者的统一构成个人现实生活的基本内容。在政治异化中,政治国家和市民社会发生了分离并使得解放仅仅停留于抽象的政治领域,奴役和剥削关系在市民社会中仍然保留着。但政治异化发生的原因必须到市民社会的结构中去寻找,马克思早期理论探索的重点因此由法哲学转向了市民社会,并提出了劳动异化理论。这样,马克思的早期思想探索过程便表现为"国家和法→市民社会→异化劳动"的不断深入的过程,与历史唯物主义的"生产力→生产关系(经济基础)→上层建筑"的逻辑关系具有明显的反向对应关系。

Marxinterpreted individual social activity as the common foundation of family,civil society andstate in Critique of HegePs Philosophy of Right,and considered that the unity of the three forms was thebasis of individual real life. In political alienation, political state and civil society had separated, makingliberation merely in abstract political realm,while slavery and exploitation still retained in civil society.However,the source of political alienation arose from civil society, thus Marx＇s focal point of earlytheory turned to the research of civil society,and the theory of labor alienation was proposed. So Marx＇searly exploration was unfolded as ＂state and law-civil societyalienated labor＂, which was reverselycorresponding to the logical relations ＂productivityrelations of production （economic basis）-superstructure＂ in historical materialism.