人力资本产权视角下义务教育教师流动问题思考

Thinking on Teacher Mobility of Compulsory Education from the Perspective of Human Capital Property Right

教师人力资本产权制度从根本上决定了教师资源配置状况及其流动问题,因而必须根据教师人力资本的具体特性予以合理安排。我国现行义务教育教师人力资本产权制度存在诸多问题并导致了教师流动的不合理:所有权错置导致教师管理条块分割而难以适时流动、剩余索取权谬误导致教师收益权失真而流动失衡、剩余控制权配置不当导致教师流动权残缺而流动失序等。为此,必须正确界定教师法律身份,明确其人力资本国家所有权;改革教师聘任制度,统一聘任实施主体;调整剩余索取权安排,统一教师人力资本收益标准;建立教师定期流动制度,规范剩余控制权行为;补偿教师流动成本,健全剩余处置权。

The system of teachers＇ human capital property rights fundamentally determines teacher allocation and mobility, thus teachers should be reasonably arranged according to the specific character of teacher＇s human capital. The current human capital property rights system of compulsory education teachers in China exists various problems, which hinders the reasonable flow of teachers. The misplaced proprietary rights lead to the division of teacher management and the untimely flow of teachers; the fallacy of residual claim rights lead to the distortion of teacher usufruct and the unbalance of teacher mobility; and the mismatches of residual control rights lead to the insufficiency of teacher mobility rights and the disorder of the mobility, etc. Therefore, the teacher＇s legitimate identity should be exactly defined and the state ownership of teachers＇ human capital cleared; the system of teacher engagement and appointment should he reformed and the implementing subject of the engagement and appointment unified; the arrangement of residual control rights should be adjusted and the earning standards of teachers＇ human capital unified; the regular flow system of teachers should be implemented and residual control behavior regularized; the cost of teacher mobility should be compensated and the residual dispose rights improved.