不同企业性质五星级酒店效率比较研究——兼论我国酒店业增长模式的转变

Comparative Study on the Performance of China's Five-star Hotel with Different Enterprise Ownership—On Transition of Growth Model of China's Hotel Industry

基于企业性质视角,采用超效率DEA和Malmquist指数方法,对2002—2009年我国五星级酒店静态效率和动态生产率进行分析,研究结果表明发现:我国五星级酒店处于相对有效状态,但年均TFP增长率为-3.4%;不同企业性质五星级酒店效率差异明显,其中集体企业得益于规模效率增长而一枝独秀,年均TFP增长率达14.6%;内资酒店得益于规模扩张而使其技术效率显著高于外资酒店,但外资酒店TFP增长率及技术进步增长率要比内资酒店分别高出2.7%和6.5%。目前我国酒店业增长属于规模驱动型增长,技术进步贡献率低,应当促使酒店业从规模驱动型增长转变为技术进步驱动型增长。

Based on enterprise ownership, by using super-efficiency DEA and Malmquist index method, the staticefficiency and dynamic productivity of China＇ s five-star hotels during 2002-2009 are analyzed, and the researchfinds that China＇ s five-star hotels stay at relatively efficient state but their average annual TFP growth rate is -3.4percent, that there is significant difference in efficiency between the five-star hotels with different ownership, amongwhich the five-star hotels with collective ownership outshine others based on their scale enlargement and theiraverage annual TFP growth rate reaches 14.6 percent, however, the five-star hotels with domestic capital resultfrom their scale enlargement so as to make their technical benefit obviously higher than that of the hotels withforeign capital, but TFP growth rate and technical progress growth rate of the five-star hotels with foreign capital are2.7 percent and 6.5 percent higher than that of the hotels with domestic capital respectively. Currently, China＇ shotel industry growth belongs to scale-driven growth and has low technical progress contribution rate, as a result,Chinese Government should boost hotel industry from scale-driven growth to technical-progress-driven growth.