汉语作为第二语言能力评估现状与分析

Review of the Study on the Assessment of Chinese as Second Language Proficiency

汉语作为第二语言能力评估的理论与应用研究,在国内已开展了二十余年,成果颇丰,尤其是在开发应用研究领域,先后推出了不同系列、不同类别的汉语水平考试(HSK)以及《汉语水平等级标准》、《国际汉语能力标准》等汉语作为第二语言的能力评估依据,在国际汉语教学界产生了重大影响。但是由于语言学界关于语言能力的理论尚处于探索过程之中,国内关于汉语作为第二语言能力理论研究不足,汉语作为第二语言能力的评估在受测者的实际语言能力、评估界定能力和能力量表三者之间的关联度上存在着较大的提升空间。文章基于HSK在推广实施过程中暴露出的适应度问题,对汉语作为第二语言能力的评估现状加以分析,旨在发现问题,希冀通过总结HSK和汉语能力标准制订的经验与教训,取长补短,制订出准确、客观的的汉语能力量表,使之更好地满足汉语国际推广工作的需要。

The research on the Chinese as a second language proficiency assessment theory and its application has carried out more than twenty years and has yielded fruitful results, especially in the development and application of Chinese Proficiency Test （HSK）, Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards and Chinese Language Proficiency Scales for Speakers of Other Languages. However, due to the limitation of the theoretical exploration of language ability, there is a large room for the study of Chinese as a second language proficiency assessment in the association degree between the subjects＇ actual language skills, ability to assess and define and the proficiency scales. Based on the question of fitness found in the implementation of HSK, the article presents a review on the study of Chinese as a second language proficiency assessment, aiming to develop an accurate and impartial Chinese proficiency scales for more successful promotion of Chinese as a second language.