从“领属”到“立场”——汉语中以人称代词为所有者的直接组合结构

From Possession to Stance:Juxtapositional Possesive Structures in Chinese Involved a Personal Pronoun

许多语言都有多个领属结构。汉语(包括大多数的方言)采用带有附着性助词(如"的")的结构作为无标记的表达式,但如果领有者是人(用人称代词表示),并且有特别关系的话,也会采用简单的直接组合结构。在这一特别的关系中有参照点结构,它是领属范畴的有标记的表达式。更进一步,它将发展到另一个范畴,我们称为"立场",立场用直接组合结构来表示领有者与被领有者之间的紧密或亲密关系,即领有者站在被领有者的中间或旁边。这一关系在人际空间和话题空间中都会发生,以表示领有者对被领有者的紧密性、亲密性和支持性。

Many languages have more than one genitive construction. A typical construction such as one with a clitic particle （such as de） is used as an unmarked form in Sinitic languages. But a juxtapositional structure without this particle is also possible if the possessor is human （expressed by a personal pronoun） and when a special mutual relationship is involved. A construction of reference point is found in such a special relationship and is expressed as a marked form of Possession Category. One development further leads to another category, i.e. Stance, typical of a juxtapositional structure denoting close or intimate relationship between the possessor and possessum, i.e. whether the possessor is amid or beside the possessum. Such a relationship can occur either in interpersonal or topical space, including the closeness, intimateness, and support to the possessum by the possessor.