确山方言“三”的非强制性变调及数词变调选择规律

The Non-compulsory Tone Sandhi of Numeral “San” in Queshan Dialect

河南确山方言数词"三"在去声前可以变调,也可不变。"三"是否变调的可选择性刚好跟"七、八"在去声前强制变调以及"一"在阴平和去声前都强制变调构成了数词变调的三个层级。去声对其前数词的变调要求比阴平更加强烈,无标记序数词"一"也只在去声前变调,而不在阴平前变调。经济性原则、词语的使用频率与原初声调以及方言声调系统中不同调值之间的协调程度等共同决定了数词变调的可能性及其选择规律。

The tone sandhi of numeral ＂three＂ is non-compulsory in Queshan dialect in Henan. So its tone sandhi is optional. The tone sandhi of ＂seven＂ and ＂eight＂ before the fourth tone is compulso ry . The tone sandhi of numeral ＂one＂ is also compulsory when it occurs before the first or the fourth tone. The three conditions reflect three levels of numeral tone sandhi in Queshan dialect. There is a stronger tendency of numeral tone sandhi before the fourth tone than the first tone. However, the unmarked ordinal number ＂one＂ experiences sandhi only before the fourth tone rather than the first tone. The possibility and the selection of the numeral tone sandhi are determined by the economy principle, the frequency of word occurrence, the original tonal pitches combined with the coordination between different tonal pitches.