康德启蒙观念中的知性与理性

Understanding and Reason in Kant's Concept of Enlightenment

在关于康德启蒙观念的研究中,学界并未给予批判哲学中所做出的理性与知性的区分以充分的重视,这导致将二者等而视之。但实际上,作为批判哲学的现实应用,康德启蒙观念必须以批判哲学为基础,因而在康德的启蒙观念中,关于理性与知性的划界思想依然存在,这一点应用到了理性的公开运用与私下运用的区分当中。但这一界限并未能够阻止启蒙理性反过来限制主体这一悖论的发生,霍克海默与阿多诺即是以此来批判康德式的启蒙精神。

In the study of Kant＇s concept of enlightenment, scholars do not pay attention to the distinction between understanding and reason which were put forward in the critical philosophy, so that they are confounded. However, in fact, as the actual application of critical philosophy, Kant＇s concept of enlightenment must be based on his critical philosophy. In this sense, in Kant＇s concept of enlightenment, the distinction between understanding and reason still exists. However, this boundary cannot prevent the reason of enlightenment from limiting the subject. Horkheimer and Adorno just use this point to critique Kantian spirit of enlightenment.