不同种源无患子品质差异及种籽油脂肪酸分析

Difference Analysis of Seed Qualities And Composition of Fatty Acid of Oil of Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn From Different Provenances

以5个种源无患子种子为实验材料，对其形态特征、皂苷含量、果实种仁含油率、油脂的理化性质和脂肪酸成分及其相对含量等指标进行了测定。结果表明：不同种源无患子种子的形态特征有显著差异，其中贵溪无患子种子的平均千粒质量、长度、宽度等指标均为最高；不同种源无患子果实的含油率差异极显著，以贵溪种源的最高；不同种源无患子籽油的折射率、碘值、酸值、皂化值等理化性质也存在不同。利用气相色谱技术从不同种源无患子籽油中共检测出棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十碳一烯酸、山嵛酸、芥子酸等10种脂肪酸成分，不饱和脂肪酸含量达80．08％～87．16％。各种源无患子油脂碘值均小于115，亚麻酸含量小于12％且十八碳四烯酸含量极少，碳链长度为C16～C20，均符合生物柴油标准，具有广阔的生物能源研究价值。其中，贵溪无患子种子生长质量最优，种子含油量最高，为开发生物柴油油料资源的首选种源。南昌和九江无患子中皂苷含量较高，均大于4％，进行农药开发及天然日化产品方面以南昌和九江无患子为首选。

In this study ,Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seeds collected from five provenances were the experi-mental materials and their morphological characters ,saponin content ,oil content in kernel ,physical and chemi-cal properties , fatty acid composition and relative content of seed oil were measured .The results showed that there were significant differences in seed morphological characters among different provenances （ P〈0.05） ,and the Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seeds from Guixi County had the highest indexes in 1 000-grain weight、length and width;there were significant differences in oil yeld of seeds from different provenances , the oil yeld of Guixi seeds was the highest;there were differences in refractive index ,acid value,iodine value,saponification value and other physical and chemical properties among seeds oil from different provenances .Ten fatty acids were detected by the Gas chromatography from the seed oil of Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn including palmitoleic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,arachidic acid,eicosenoic acid,doco-sanoic acid and sinapinic acid ,in which the total relative content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 80.08%-87.16%.In the seed oil of Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn from different provinces ,the iodine values were all less than 115;the linolenic acid was less than 12%;the parinaric acid content was little;and the carbon chain length in fatty acids was C16-C20,which all met the standards of biodiesel and were worth of biological energy research.Among them,the Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seeds from Guixi were big and plump and had highest seed oil content compared with those from other sources .Therefore ,the seeds from Guixi can be used as the best seed resources of biofuel materials .The saponin contents in the seeds of Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn from Nan-chang City and Jiujiang City were both higher than those from other sources ’ , which were both over 4%, so they were best for pesticide development and natural daily mecessity products .