塔里木河流域天然植被生态水权及其计量研究

Research on Ecological Water Right of Natural Plant and Its Measurement in Tarim River Basin

塔里木河流域天然植被退化等生态环境问题主要源于天然植被生态水权内涵界定模糊与缺少计量和分配,为此界定了天然植被生态水权,确定了计量方法与模型,计算了天然植被生态水权需求。研究表明:天然植被生态水权的实际主体和执行主体及其所有权等权利和承担的责任的明确界定,成为生态水权分配的权责保证,而且天然植被生态水权需求计量成为生态水权分配的基础;塔河流域天然植被生态水权需求为61.598亿m3,主要集中在干流,年内需求又在6-9月和3-5月;除阿克苏河流域以草地生态水权需求为主外,其它流域天然植被生态水权需求都以草地和林地生态水权需求为主,其中正常生长天然植被生态水权需求又占主导地位,这成为流域绿洲生态水权时空分配的基础。

T he degeneration of natural plant and other oases ecological environmental issues is caused by the fuzzy definition of ecological water right of natural plant and the absence of its measurement and allocation ;so the paper theoretically gives the definition of ecological water right of natural plant ,and determines its measurement method and model ;then its demand is calculated ,the results are as follow ;It is used to be the protection of rights and obligations of the allocation of ecological water right of river channel in Tarim river basin ,that its real subject ,executive subject ,ownership rights and the others rights ,and its corresponding responsibilities and obligations is positive defined . Demand of ecological water right of natural plant is 61 .598 × 108 m^3 in Tarim river basin ;and its yearly allocation is mainly from June to September and from March to May ;and except demand of ecological water right of natural grassland is dominant in Aksu river basin ,demand of ecological water right of natural grassland and forestland is the main parts in the other river basin ;demand of ecological water right of normal natural plant is also dominant ;it is the basis of temporal and spatial allocation of oases ecological water right .