略论巴与蜀的文化关系

A Research on the Cultural Relationship between Ba and Shu

巴与蜀是先秦时期西南地区两个强大的宗主国,古蜀国见诸于文献记载的,有蚕丛、柏灌、鱼凫、杜宇、开明等朝代,巴国有廪君蛮、板楯蛮等。因为该地区由多个族群构成,所以既有崇拜白虎的氏族,也有畏惧白虎和射杀白虎的部族。古代巴、蜀的社会结构与政权模式,与中原王朝显然有着很大的不同,应是一种酋邦式的形态;由于长期小邦林立,因而在文明早期阶段经历了由部落联盟到酋邦社会的演进,形成了共主的政治局面。秦并巴、蜀之后,曾采取很多重要措施以加强统治,将北方和中原的很多东西输入了巴、蜀地区,促使并加快了巴蜀区域文明与华夏文明的融合。秦人一方面十分强势地改变了巴蜀地区的治理模式与社会结构,另一方面也表达了对巴蜀文化习俗的宽容。巴蜀文化经过历代传承,吸纳和融入了许多新的因素,迄今仍充满活力,显示出鲜明而浓郁的地域文化魅力。

Ba and Shu is the two powerful sovereign in southwest china before the Qin Dynasty. The old country Shu appeared in the literature has Cancong, Boguan, Yufu, Duyu, Kaiming dynasties. The country Ba has Linjun Man, Bandun Man, etc. It is constituted by a number of ethnic groups, both white tiger worship clan, but also fear or shot white tiger clans. The social structure and political power mode of the ancient Ba and Shu, which has great differences to the Central Plains clearly, should be a chiefdom type of form, due to the long established small states, which in the early stages of civilization experienced by the tribes to chiefdoms alliance the evolution of society, the formation of the political situation Castles appear. After Qin annexed Ba and Shu, it has taken many important steps to strengthen the rule, such as input a lot of things from the North and the Central Plains to this region, prompting and accelerating integration between Bashu regional civilization and Chinese civilization. Qin strongly changed the governance model and the social structure of Bashu region on one hand, but on the other hand, it also expressed tolerance to cultural customs of Bashu. Thus, through ages＇ heritage, absorbing and integrating a number of new factors, Bashu culture remains vigor, and shows the distinctive and rich local culture charm.