深圳市盐田区狂犬病暴露和预防处置分析

Analysis on exposure and prophylaxis of rabies in Yantian District of Shenzhen City

目的通过了解深圳市盐田区犬、猫等动物伤暴露者流行病学特征,对预防处置工作进行评价,探讨狂犬病的防治对策。方法收集深圳市盐田区2008—2012年狂犬病暴露者资料,并采用描述流行病学方法,对暴露者的暴露情况和预防处置情况进行分析。结果 2008—2012年间因狂犬病暴露到犬伤门诊就诊的患者共有4 592例,年平均暴露率为405.20/10万。暴露人数发病呈周期性单峰分布,暴露人群主要为青壮年,男性多于女性。伤人动物中以宠物犬和家养犬为主。2008—2012年间暴露后接种狂犬疫苗人数为3 558人,全程接种率为90.52%。结论降低狂犬病暴露,应以养犬家庭为重点人群,开展宣传教育,加强管理。为提高狂犬病暴露后预防处置的规范性,应加强犬伤门诊医护的培训,并建议加强狂犬病暴露监测信息化的建设。

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of animal （ dogs and cats ） injuries-exposed patients in Yantian District of Shenzhen City, evaluate the prevention and disposal, and explore the prevention and control strategies of rabies. [ Methods ] The data of rabies-exposed patients in Yantian District of Shenzhen City from 2008-2012 were collected. The descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the status of exposure and prophylaxis. [ Results] A total of 4 592 rabies-exposed patients visited the rabies clinics from 2008-2012, and the average annual exposure rate was 405.20/lakh. Rabies exposure presented periodic unimodal distribution, most of patients were young adults, and the mate cases were more than female cases. The animals were mainly pet dogs and domestic dogs. During 2008-2012, 3 558 patients have been vaccinated after exposure, and the complete immunization rate was 90.52%. [ Conclusion] In order to reduce rabies exposure, it is necessary to carry out the publicity and education, and strengthen the management among the key population, especially the dog-raising families. It is important to strengthen the training among medical staff in rabies clinics, and establish the rabies exposure surveillance information system, to improve the standardization of prevention and disposal after exposure.