消化道传播病毒性肝炎研究进展

An Overview of Research Advancement on Viral Hepatitis Via the Fecal-oral Route

病毒性肝炎是由多种不同肝炎病毒引起的,以肝脏损害为主要表现,具有广泛流行性和严重传染性的一类疾病,严重危害人类健康,是我国目前重大的公共卫生问题之一。迄今鉴定出的具有明确致病性的肝炎病毒主要是甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)和戊型肝炎病毒(HEV),分别引起甲、乙、丙、丁、戊型肝炎。病毒性肝炎按传播途径的不同可以分为两类,一类是经肠道外传播的病毒性肝炎,包括乙、丙、丁型肝炎;另一类是经肠道(即消化道)传播的肝炎病毒,包括甲肝和戊肝,其发病有季节性,可呈暴发流行。本文旨在对经消化道传播的病毒型肝炎(甲肝、戊肝)的病原学、流行病学特征及其影响因素、控制和预防作一综述,以期对其流行和科学防控研究提供参考。

Viral hepatitis is a group of infectious liver diseases that are caused by different hepatitis vires and have liver inflammation as the major damage, is one of the most serious public health problems in china, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Currently there are five identified hepatitis viruses known as A, B, C, D, and E, which cause hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. There are two kinds of transmission of viral hepatitis, Hepatitis B, C and D virus spreads mainly through the blood or blood products. The hepatitis A and E spreads mainly though the fecal-oral route of transmission and often causes outbreaks. This paper aims to summarize the research advancement about the etiology, epidemiology and its affecting factors, control and prevention of hepatitis A and E viruses, in order to provide reference for scientific prevention and control.