城市气候地图的绘制及其在规划设计中的应用

Urban Climate Mapping and Its Application in Urban Planning

由于气象统计部门和城市规划部门之间缺乏沟通,规划设计师和决策者缺乏相关的气象知识和气象信息,目前部分城市的规划设计中缺乏对气象因素的考虑.随着城市化的快速发展,这一问题益严重.而城市气候地图,作为气候学科和建筑设计学科的交叉地带,为问题的解决提供了帮助.以收集的气象数据和土地利用的相关数据为基础,综合考虑气候、土地利用、地形、绿化和热条件等因素的影响,分图层绘制城市气候地图,并以数据分析和专业分析为基础进行评价和建议.以北京主城区为例,首先综述了北京的气候特点和近些年来的气候变化,细致阐述了北京主城区城市气候地图的绘制原理和过程,并针对北京的相关特点,提出了规划建议.最终以北京大兴区为例,探讨了城市气候地图在规划设计当中的应用,并阐述了城市气候地图的应用前景.

Climate factor is not considered in some of the urban planning design with the lack of communication between the clima-tological statistical department and urban planning department. This issue is getting worse in the fast urbanization. Some of the urban planners and policy makers are lack of the basic climatological concepts and information. As interdisciplinary subject intersected by climatology and architecture urban climate mapping is an approach to solve the problem. Basing on the collected climatological data and land utilization information, urban climate map is drew by different layers considering with the influence from aspects including climate, land utilization, topography, planting, thermal conditions and etc.. Professional analysis, evaluation and recommendation are also given in the map. This paper takes Beijing city for example to discuss the theory and process of urban climate mapping. The climate characteristics and climate changes in Beijing are summarized. Recommendation on urban planning of Beijing is put forward. The application and prospect are explored by taking the planning of Daxing district in Beijing for instance.