从985和211大学的区域分布看我国高等教育的公平性

On the Equity of Higher Education in China Based on the Regional Distribution of 985 and 211 Universities

我国高等教育的公平性问题主要体现在高校区域分布不均,尤其是高水平大学区域分布不均问题更为突出。通过对985和211大学在东部、中部、西部分布的差异,以及二者在京津沪、高考大省及其他省分布的差异进行研究,并通过对东部、中部、西部985大学专任教师与新生人数的平均比重进行研究,可以发现我国985和211大学主要集中在东部地区和京津沪地区。由于985和211大学对本地生源的照顾,从而加剧了我国高等教育在区域上的不公平。相应的建议是:增加中西部985和211大学的数量并加大支持力度,985和211大学在各省的招生数要符合其人口比重等。

Regional distribution of colleges and universities in our country is uneven, and the uneven regional distribution of 985 and 211 universities is especially outstanding, so it is necessary to explore the fairness of higher education in our country based on the regional distribution of 985 and 211 universities. By analyzing the distribution difference of 985 and 211 universities between the eastern, central and western areas as well as that between Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, major provinces of college entrance examination and other provinces, and through the study on the average proportion of full-time teachers and students in 985 universities in the eastern, cen- tral and western areas, it is found that 985 and 211 universities mainly concentrate on the eastern area as well as Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai. Since the 985 and 211 universities offer preference to local students, it intensifies the inequality of the higher education in different areas of China, so it is necessary to increase the number of 985 and 211 universities in the central and western areas and provide more support to higher education in the two areas.