论完善戒毒人员社会救助制度的法律对策

Legal Considerations of Improving the Social Relief System for Drug Addicts

随着毒品问题的蔓延,戒毒人员的物质困境、治疗困境与社会融入困境日益突出,戒毒人员已经成为新型的社会救助需求对象。"基本人权"理念与"关怀救助"原则提供了我国开展戒毒救助的法理基础,但在救助实践中,依然存在立法衔接不畅、给付方式单一、分类救助标准不明、执法规范性较差的问题。为此,在救助立法领域,应当增强戒毒法与救助法的法制统一性,丰富戒毒法律体系的救助手段,拓展社会救助法律体系的覆盖范围。在救助实践方面,应当完善分类救助与专项救助制度,引入"券证救助"与"服务救助"措施,理顺戒毒人员办理低保与医保渠道,扩大和规范社会力量参与戒毒救助。

The current drug issue in China has posed a grave menace to human well-being and development. Poverty, poor access to medical care and social integration barriers of drug addicts have become increasingly prominent. As such, drug addicts affected by the above have become a new target group requiring social relief. While the ＂basic human rights＂ concept and the ＂care and assistance＂ principle serve as the jurisprudence basis of drug relief system in China, problems still exist in practice, such as the poorly integrated legislation system, the narrow and insufficient provision of relief, unclearness of classifications of relief standards, and poor law enforcement. In order to address the above issues, this paper will propose the following actions： （i） in terms of legislation, legal reforms should be introduced to better integrate the anti-drug laws and the drug relief and assistance laws, to increase the drug relief methods and to expand the coverage of drug relief social assistance, and （ii） in terms of practice, methods should be introduced to improve the classification relief system and the special relief system, to implement the ＂voucher card relief＂ and the ＂service relief＂, to provide the drug addicts with access to the basic medical insurance and the subsistence allowance program, and to increase and standardize the social forces directed to drug relief.