从公司下乡到家庭农场:嵌入乡村治理中的农业经营方式选择分析

From Agriculture-related Companies Entering the Countryside to Family Farms:Analysis on Choosing a Model of Agricultural Operation Embedded in Rural Governance

下乡公司与家庭农场是旨在调试和改变农民家庭生产组织形式及资源配置状态两种不同的现代农业经营方式。近年来,由于外生型公司下乡对乡村治理的冲击,乡村治理存在现实困境:企业"吞噬"村庄,村委成为附庸;村委功能异化,村庄管理难以开展;地方政府权力下沉,村民自治进一步弱化;下乡公司缺乏吸纳功能,农民"兼业化"模式生存;下乡公司"非农化"建设,粮食安全难以保证。内生型家庭农场是目前乡村治理的政策选择,这种选择要求重视经济逻辑与社会逻辑结合,尊重自愿选择与自发演进,家庭农场与其他经营方式并存。

Agriculture-related companies entering the countryside and family farms are two modern models for agricultural operation, both aiming to adjust and change the organizational form and resource allocation of rural family＇s production. In recent years, rural governance has been in a difficult position because of the impact of agriculture-related companies entering the countryside： with companies ＂devouring＂ villages, village party committees only have ceremonial function; with their function distorted, village party committees cannot conduct village management properly; with local governments＇ administrative power extending to grass root level, village autonomy is further weakened; since agriculture-related companies entering the countryside lack vacancies for peasants, villagers have to find part-time jobs for a living; with these companies seeking non-agricultural development of farm land, food security of our country cannot be guaranteed. This paper analyzes the evolvement of models of agricultural operational from the perspectives of village organizational structure, village party committee＇s function, local government＇s function, part-time farming and national food security and concludes that family farm is the current policy choice for rural governance. This choice demands the combination of economic logic and social logic, respects voluntary choice and sponta- neous evolvement, and allows the co-existence of family farm and other operational models.