P/NaNO_3基薄膜型高热剂设计与燃烧反应机理研究

Study on the Film Thermite of P/NaNO_3 and Combustion Reaction Mechanism

采用重结晶的方法,以超细红磷(P)、硝酸钠(NaNO3)为基药,通过梯度设计配方,制成了厚度约为0.70mm、易点燃的薄膜型高热剂,并测定薄膜材料的燃烧时间及燃烧温度;同时,针对烟火药配方中不同组分比例,以及薄膜材料中有无添加聚乙烯醇(PVA)、玻璃纤维(GF)进行了质量燃烧速度、燃烧温度的比较。结果表明:配方为硝酸钠60%、超细红磷39%、添加剂1%的薄膜燃烧温度大于1 200℃,质量燃烧速度为0.012 g·cm-2·s-1;添加玻璃纤维和PVA后薄膜的燃烧温度和质量燃烧速度都降低,而且添加PVA配方的燃烧温度和质量燃烧速度降低更加明显。

The pyrotechnic P/NaNO3 film was prepared by the recrystallization technology. By gradually decreasing and replacing design formulations, the thermite films with thickness about 0.70mm were tested for combustion time, combustion temperature. The mass combustion rate and combustion temperature of formulations whether adding some PVA and glass fibers or not was compared, and then the combustion reaction mechanism was analyzed. For the formulation composed of sodium nitrate of 60%, red phosphorus of 39% and additive agent of 1%, the combustion temperature was higher than 1 200℃, and the mass combustion rate was 0.012g.cm-2·s-1. For the formulation added with PVA or glass fiber, the mass combustion rate was decreased, as well as the combustion temperature was reduced, the effect of PVA addition was more obviously.