生态因素对玉米子粒发育影响及调控的研究

Studies on Effect of Ecological Factors on Maize Kernel Growth and Corresponding Regulative Measures

通过播期、覆膜调控 ,研究了不同生态条件下不同类型品种的生长发育 ,重点研究生态因素对玉米花后子粒发育的影响。试验主要结果如下 :高温少光条件影响子粒灌浆 ,表现在灌浆期持续时间短、灌浆速率相对较低。晚熟品种灌浆期长而灌浆速率相对较低 ,早熟品种灌浆期短而灌浆速率相对较高 ,是正常年份两类品种都能取得高产的原因。子粒体积变化与干重变化趋势一致。适宜生态条件下 ,玉米穗粒性状变异系数小 ,果穗发育整齐一致。掖单 13穗长较大 ,易于形成大果穗 ,高产潜力大 ,但高温少光条件下 ,穗粒性状变异系数大 ,果穗不整齐 ,产量低。高温少光条件下 ,子粒呼吸速率明显降低 ,高值持续时间短 ;同时CTK含量较低。ABA含量变化规律性不强 。

Through sowing date and plastic film,the effect of ecological factors on the growth of maize seed after bloom was studied.The results were as follows:The effect of high temperature and defficent light on maize seed filling leads to short duration of seed filling and low speed of seed filling.Late varieties have a long filling period and a low filling speed while early varieties have a short filling period and a high filling speed,so two type variety both can reach high yield in normal year.The kernel volume has the same trendline of change with dry matter of kernel.Maize ear is orderly at fitting ecological condition.Y13 can form big ear easily and have big potential of high yield;but the value for coefficient of variation of maize ear and seed is big,the ear is not orderly and the yield is low in the condition of high temperature and deficient light?In stress condition,the respiration rate of kernel decrease and the duration of high value become short and the content of CTK are low relatively.The law of the ABA change is not obviously.The growth of kernel is controlled by many kinds of hormone.