梯级电站胁迫下旧县河下游鱼类群落多样性分析

The fish community biodiversity in downstream of Jiuxian River with cascade dams' duress

2012年3、7月对旧县河下游的矶头、尧甫村、石圳村、梅溪村和九洲村5个采样江段进行鱼类群落结构调查。结果显示,本次调查共采集到鱼类31种,隶属3目9科,以鲤形目的种类最多,其中福建省保护动物大刺鳅(Mastacembelus armatus)1种,外来种罗非鱼(Tilapia sp.)1种。群落优势种以黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、温州厚唇鱼(Acrossocheilus wenchowensis)、翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)为主;生态类型以杂食性、中下层、适应缓流生活鱼类为主;矶头群落多样性指数最高,群落结构较为稳定。群落间相似性聚类分析矶头—九洲村聚为一类群,尧甫村、石圳村、梅溪村聚为另一类群。并对旧县河下游鱼类多样性的保护提出了几点建议。

Based on survey data collected in March and July of 2012 , the status of fish community structure in 5 sampling stations of downstream of Jiuxian River in the west of Fujian were analyzed. The results showed that the captured 31 fish species belonged to 9 families of 3 orders. Mastacembelus armatus was the protected fish of Fujian Province and Tilapia sp. was the alien species. Fish community through IRI indexes were anay-lazed, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Cyprinus carpio, Acrossocheilus wenchowensis and Erythroculter ilishaeformis were the dominant species. The ecological types of the fish were consisted of mid-down fishes, omnivorous fish and the fish adapting to lentic or slow current waters mainly. Three diversity indexes which were Shannon-Wiener diversity index （ H ） , Margalef diversity index （ J ） , Evenness index （ E ） were used to analyze the characteristics of species diversity. Shannon-Wiener diversity index in Jitou Village was higher than that in other 4 stations and fish community structure in Jitou Village was more stabilized. The fish community of donwstream Jiuxian River could be distinguished as two cluster, one was Jitou-Jiuzhou Village cluster, the other was Yaofu, Shizhen and Meixi Village cluster. To protect the fish diversity and decrease negative impact on it, some suggestions on the sustainable use of fishery resource in Jiuxian River were proposed.