福鼎敏灶湾2012年坛紫菜烂菜原因初探

Primary study on the reasons for the rotten thallus of Porphyra haitanensis from Fuding Minzao Bay

对2012年10月福鼎敏灶湾海区坛紫菜烂菜情况进行采样、调查和原因分析。结果显示坛紫菜烂菜症状主要为叶状体梢部颜色变红,部分藻体颜色变淡、发白,烂化甚至脱落。烂菜原因主要有:(1)高温小潮期,海面风力小、浪静,由波浪形成的海水垂直流动交换弱,藻体与海水中的二氧化碳和营养盐等微交换也随之变弱,从而导致坛紫菜细胞生理机能下降;(2)坛紫菜养殖过密,海水中含氮量偏低,使得坛紫菜生长受限制;(3)南侧近岸海域水流不畅、流速较缓,悬浮物等污染物质积聚于该海域,易粘附于坛紫菜叶状体,影响坛紫菜的生长。为此作者提出防范建议旨在为今后福建省坛紫菜健康养殖可持续发展提供参考意见。

In this paper we took samples of rotten thallus of Porphyra haitanensis from Fuding Minzao Bay in October, 2012. The investigation on the reasons for the rotten thallus were conducted. In our research the main symptoms included that the color of front -end thallus turned red into white, and finally rotten. The main cause of rotten thallus of Porphyra haitanensis were due to several reasons below：（1） In the low tide pe-riod with high temperature, the vertical exchange formed by the sea wind and wave has became weaker, and the carbon dioxide and nutrients exchange in seawater also became weaker, so the physiological function of thallu cells has declined. （2） The high densities of culture and low nitrogen in seawater has restricted the massive growth of Porphyra haitanensis. （3） the south offshore current was slow, and the suspended matter and other pollutants were accumulated and stuck on the thallus, affecting the growth of Porphyra haitanensis. In conclusion, the author of this paper proposed several countermeasures as some reference to the healthy and sustainable development of Porphyra haitanensis culturing of Fujian in future.