9600例儿科急诊患儿疾病谱和临床特征分析

Analysis on Spectrum Disease and Clinical Characteristics of 9600 Children with Pediatric Emergency

目的了解庆阳市人民医院儿科9600例急诊患儿疾病谱分布和临床特征，以提高急诊患儿的合理救治率及危重患儿的救治成功率。方法回顾总结和分析2011年6月—2013年10月庆阳市人民医院急诊儿科接诊患儿9600例的临床资料，分类统计各系统主要的疾病病种、临床特点和分类排序。结果排序前5位的分别是呼吸系统疾病（43．60％）、消化系统疾病（24．83％）、神经系统疾病（20．54％）、传染病（8．05％）及意外伤害（1．45％）；其中呼吸系统疾病以上呼吸道感染合并高热为主（50．45％），消化系统疾病以病毒性肠炎合并脱水为主（41．61％），神经系统疾病以各类惊厥为主（47．01％），传染病以手足口病为主（51．62％），意外伤害则以各类中毒为主（56．84％）。1月～5岁是小儿急诊病种的高发年龄段。结论9600例急诊患儿疾病谱分布在各系统，差异具有显著性。以急性呼吸道感染为主要就诊病种（50．45％），提示儿童阶段预防感染性疾病的重要性。儿童急诊疾病谱排序和临床特点可作为院前急救和儿科急诊医护人员岗位培训的依据。

OBJECTIVE To analyze 9 600 cases spectrum of disease and clinical features about the emergency children patients from Qingyang People＇s Hospital of pediatrics. METHOD To review and sum up 9 600 cases from 2011 June to 2013 October in pediatric department Qingyang People＇s Hospital. To classify and count the main disease, clinical features as well as ordination of each system. RESULT The top five disease are disease of respiratory（43.60%） that based on upper respiratory infect ions with high fever （50.45 % ） ; disease of digestive system （24.83 % ） that mainly on viral enteritis with dehydration of body （41.61% ） ; disease of the nervous system（20.54%） that focused on all kinds of convulsions（47.01%） ; infections（8.05%） that mainly with HFMD（51.62%） ; and accident that based on various poisoning. The highest incidence age was from one month to five years old. CONCLUSION There was striking difference between each system of 9 600 cases. It wakes up to the importance of prevention infectious disease that acute respiratory （50.45%）. It could be used as basis of pre-jop training to first aid and pediatrics medical staff of emergency disease chart and clinical features.