气候暖干化背景下松花江流域的种植结构调整

The adjustment of planting structure in Songhua river basin under the background of climatic drought

气候是农业生产不可或缺的自然资源,其不规则变化必将引发农业系统的剧烈波动。20世纪以来,松花江流域平均气温逐渐升高,年均降水量日益减少,气候的暖干化已成趋势。总体而言,气候变化对农业会产生或利或弊的影响,但基本上是以不利影响为主。目前已经观测到的不利影响,有农业结构的不稳定性增加,局部干旱高温危害加重,气象灾害造成的农业损失加大,等等。为了突破甚至超越气候暖干化对于农业发展的限制,必须借助一定的科技手段。育种对生物适应能力的能动作用,水利对农田生态环境的人工调控,都是借助农业系统某一因素(或环节)的功能涨落,来提高农业系统的自组织功能,进而达到优化农业结构、完善功能机制的目的。当前松花江流域农地经营制度的改革,应该主要针对农业管理日趋僵化的问题,研究怎样有效利用农业气候资源、怎样及时应对气候灾害的问题。

Climate is the indispensable natural resources for agricultural production; its irregular change brings sharp fluctuations in agricultural system. Since the 20th century, the average temperature has risen gradually, and average annual rainfall decreased shrinking. The climate dry has become a trend in the Songhua river basin. In general, the climate change produces advantages or disadvantage effect on agriculture. The climate change increased the instability of agricultural structure, local dry heat damage was aggravating, and meteorological disasters increased agricultural losses, and so on. In order to break through and go beyond the limit of climate dry change for agricultural development, certain technology must be used. The increasingly rigid key problems for farmland management system reform in Songhua river basin are mainly to research how to effectively utilize agricultural climate resources, How to deal with the issue of climate disasters in a timely manner.