2Erb H N, Y T Grohn. Epidemiology of metabolic disorders in the periparturient dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science, 1988, 71 (9) :2557-2571.
3肖定汉,王志.奶牛疾病防治.北京:金盾出版社,20030.
4王志奶牛饲养管理与营养代谢性疾病北京:北京农业大学出版社,1989.
5Jonsson G, B Pehrson. Studies on the downer syndrome in dairy cows. Zentralblatt f0r Veterin rmedizin ReiheA, 1969, 16 <9) : 757-784.
6Bjorsell K, P Holtenius, S Jacobsson. Studies on parturient paresis with special reference to the Downer cow syndrome. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 1969, 10 (1) .. 36-43.
7Correa M, H Erb, J Scarlett. Risk factors for downer cow syndrome. Journal of Dairy Science, 1993, 76 (11) : 34.60-3463.
8Fenwick D, W Kelly, R Daniel. Definition of a non-alert downer cow syndrome and some case histories. Veterinary Record, 1986, 118 ~5) = 124.
9Cox V. Pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome. Veterinary Record, 1982, 111 (4) : 76-79.
10Cox V, C McGrath, S Jorgensen. The role of pressure damage in pathogenesis of the downer cow syndrome. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1982, 43(1) : 26-31.
