神经变性疾病线粒体自噬的研究进展

Advance on mitophagy of neurodegenerative diseases

细胞自噬是指细胞利用溶酶体降解自身成分的过程,被降解的成分包括细胞质以及细胞器。线粒体是自噬特异性攻击的主要靶标之一,自噬线粒体的过程,被称为线粒体自噬。线粒体自噬具有重要的生物学意义,正常情况下,帮助维持合成、降解和细胞产物循环之间的平衡,在细胞生长、发育和稳态中发挥作用。近年来,研究发现线粒体自噬异常在神经变性疾病(如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默和亨廷顿病等)的发病机制中具有重要作用。本文对此作一综述。

Autophagy is a vital catabolic process that degrades cytoplasmic components within the lysosome. Mitophagy is selective autophagic degradation of damaged or superfluous mitochondria. Mitophayg is an essential cytoprotective response to pathologic stresses that occur during diseases. Mitophagy plays an essential quality-control function in the cell by promoting basal turnover of long-lived proteins and organelles, as well as by selectively degrading damaged cellular components. This homeostatic function protects against a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegeneration. This review discusses our current understanding of mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.