植物蛋白质复合物替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中鱼粉的研究

Replacement of Fish Meal with Plant Protein Mixture in Diets for Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

本试验旨在研究植物蛋白质复合物(膨化豆粕∶花生粕∶玉米蛋白粉=38%∶17%∶45%)替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中鱼粉的可行性,并寻求其适宜的替代比例。选择初始体重为(0.52±0.01)g的健康凡纳滨对虾苗720尾,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾虾。以0、3.91%、7.82%、11.73%、15.64%和23.46%的植物蛋白质复合物分别替代饲料中0、10%、20%、30%、40%和60%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明:植物蛋白质复合物替代不同比例的鱼粉后对凡纳滨对虾的成活率、肝体指数以及全虾粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。替代比例高于40%时,增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率以及血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05);替代比例高于30%时,蛋白质沉积率、全虾粗蛋白质含量以及血清总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量显著升高(P<0.05)。植物蛋白质复合物替代30%的鱼粉后对血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮合成酶活性均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),但蛋白质、脂肪和能量及大部分必需氨基酸(蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸)的表观消化率均显著降低(P<0.05)。综合分析生长、饲料利用和养分表观消化率,在蛋白质水平为40%、鱼粉含量为30%的凡纳滨对虾基础饲料中,植物蛋白质复合物(膨化豆粕∶花生粕∶玉米蛋白粉=38%∶17%∶45%)替代20%的鱼粉较适宜。

This experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of replacement of fish meal with plant protein mixture （extruded soybean meal：peanut meal：corn gluten meal=38%：17%：45%） in diets for Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei）, and to find out the optimal replacement proportion. A total of 720 Pacific white shrimps with an average body weight of （0.52±0.01） g were randomly distributed into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicate. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 3.91%, 7.82%, 11.73%, 15.64% and 23.46% plant protein mixture to replace 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 60% fish meal, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed as follows： different replacement proportions of fish meal with plant protein mixture showed no significant effects on survival rate （SR）, hepatopancreas-somatic index and the contents of crude lipid and ash in whole body （P〉0.05）. When the replacement proportion was over 40%, weight gain rate （WGR）, specific growth rate （SGR）, protein efficiency ratio （PER） and the contents of total protein and glucose in serum were significantly decreased （P0.05）, while significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of protein, lipid, energy and most of essential amino acids including methionine, phenylalanine, valine, histidine, arginine and threonine （P〈0.05）. Comprehensive analysis of growth, feed utilization and nutrient apparent digestibility, the optimal proportion of plant protein mixture （extruded soybean meal：peanut meal：corn gluten meal=38%：17%：45%） to replace fish meal is 20% in the basal diet for Pacific white shrimp, which containing 40% protein and 30% fish meal.