大气苯酚对蓖麻蚕的影响及其对策

Effects of air-phenol on the castor silkworm (Attacus ricini) and its countermeasures.

蓖麻接触15μl/L大气苯酚2～10h后叶片出现伤斑、失绿、枯焦卷曲等受害症状,接触6h后株高、条重、产叶量以及叶绿素、粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别下降9.9％、11.8％、9.5％、34.7％、3.8％和42.8％。全龄蓖麻蚕接触1μl/L大气苯酚或食下苯酚含量7～21mg/kg的污染叶后均影响其虫蛹率、产卵量及孵化率;接触8μl/L以上的大气苯酚或食下苯酚含量45～70mg/kg的污染叶后蚕生长发育变慢,生命力和生殖能力下降,茧丝性状也明显不良。大气苯酚在这些方面的影响比苯酚污染叶大,蓖麻蚕对大气苯酚的抵抗力随龄期增大而显著增强。用5％石灰水浸渍苯酚污染叶后喂蚕,或将苯酚污染叶与非污染叶交替喂蚕,可减轻苯酚对蚕的毒害。

The castor plant leaf lost green, appeared scars ,withered up and rolled up after being treated with 15 μl/L air-phenol for 2-10h. The plant height,twig weight and output dropped by 9.9% ,11.8% and 9.5% respec-tively, and the contents of chlorophyll, protein and dissolvable sugar for the leaf also dropped by 34.7%, 3.8% and 42.8%,after being treated with 15μl/L air-phenol for 6h. The castor silkworm contacted lμl/L air-phenol or ate castor leaf that contained 7-21mg/kg phenol during their larval stage, thus the larva-pupa rate,amount of laid eggs and hatchability dropped. When the worm contacted large than 8μxl/L air-phenol or ate castor leaf that con-tained 45-70mg/kg phenol during their larval stage,it became slow in growth and development, bad in properties of cocoon and silk, and dropped in reproduction rate. The effects of the air-phenol were more serious than those of the plant-phenol. The resistance of castor silkworm to phenol increased with the larva growth. The toxicity of plant-phenol decreased, when the phenol-polluted leaf was treated with 5% limewater or the polluted leaf and nor-mal leaf was feed alternately to the worm.