试论俄罗斯与乌兹别克斯坦的能源合作

On the Energy Cooperation Between Russia and Uzbekistan

新世纪开始,在世界能源形势对能源出口国有利的大背景下,俄罗斯新领导人开始重视实施积极的对外能源战略,以获取地缘经济和地缘政治的双重利益。位于中亚中心的乌兹别克斯坦因拥有丰富的天然气资源、欧亚大陆重要的能源过境国地位、对俄罗斯南部安全有着特殊意义而成为俄罗斯能源外交的优先对象。而乌兹别克斯坦也从发展国家经济、维护政权安全的角度,需要与俄罗斯开展能源合作。于是,从2004年开始,以勘探、开采、采购、运输、管道维修与建设为主要内容的俄乌能源合作迅速展开,并在短短几年里取得显著成效。俄罗斯成为对乌兹别克斯坦能源领域投资最多的国家,并垄断了乌兹别克斯坦的天然气出口。然而随着全球金融危机的发生,世界能源形势出现的新变化对俄乌能源合作产生了深远影响。展望俄乌能源合作的未来,俄罗斯将失去对乌兹别克斯坦天然气采购和运输方面的优势地位,但在乌兹别克斯坦油气投资领域的优势将会继续保持;乌兹别克斯坦也会在增加国内天然气出口量方面对俄罗斯能源企业有所倚重。俄罗斯仍将是乌兹别克斯坦最重要的能源合作伙伴。

At the Beginning of the 21st century, the situation of the global energy markets was favorable to the energy-exporting countries. The new Russian leaders began to pay much attention to implementing an active foreign energy strategy in order to get geo-economic and geo-politics interests. Located in the center of Central Asia, Uzbekistan has abundant natural gas resources. Meantime, as an important energy transit country in Eurasia, Uzbekistan shows a special significance for the security in southern Russia, which made Uzbekistan become the top priority in Russia's energy diplomacy. From the perspective of the Uzbekistan's economic development and the needs for maintaining the security of the regime, Uzbekistan also needs to cooperate with Russia. Under this situation, from 2004,Russia and Uzbekistan have developed the energy cooperation rapidly in such areas as exploration, mining, procurement,transportation, and pipeline maintenance and construction, and have made remarkable achievements in just a few years. As a result, Russia became the largest investor in the energy sector of Uzbekistan, and monopolized the gas exports of the country. However, following the global financial crisis, the dramatic changes in the world energy situation had a profound influence on Russia-Uzbekistan energy cooperation. Looking into the future of the two countries' cooperation, although Russia might lose the dominance in procurement and transportation of Uzbekistan's natural gas, the advantages of investing in oil and gas fields in Uzbekistan will continue to maintain. Furthermore, for the needs to increase natural gas exports volume, Uzbekistan has to rely on Russia energy companies. So Russia will remain the most important energy partner of Uzbekistan.